Skeletal muscle mitochondrial function is impaired in conditions of aging and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) suggesting that diminished skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity is linked to the pathogenesis of aging- and lifestyle-related diseases. Therefore, understanding the regulatory mechanisms responsible for the aging- and T2DM-related decline in mitochondrial oxidative capacity in skeletal muscle is crucial in developing therapeutic and lifestyle-related strategies to maintain skeletal muscle metabolic function in these conditions.
For the past decades the prognosis for children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) has improved significantly with more than 85% being cured. This in part reflects intensive chemotherapy (amongst others, asparaginase) combined with high doses of steroids. However, the burden of therapy has increased proportionally.
The overall aim of this PhD project is to explore the influence of the oral microbiota on cardio metabolic traits in 702 well phenotyped individuals at different risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus from the ADDITION-Pro cohort. In a closer look, we have four different goals for this project:
Diabetic nephropathy is a common complication that affects 10-30 % of diabetic patients and is characterized by albuminuria, hypertension and kidney tissue changes. Hypertension is known as a leading risk factor for heart disease, death and disability worldwide making it a great health burden. One of the strongest predictors of a poor outcome in diabetes and cardiovascular disease is the degree of renal damage as measured by aberrant loss of plasma albumin into urine.
The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing in Denmark as well as worldwide. The obesity epidemic is one of the main drivers behind this development. Since conventional obesity treatments are seldom long-term successful, focus has turned to surgical treatments of obesity and T2DM. One of the most common bariatric procedures, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB), does not only result in large, sustained weight loss, but also appears to substantially improve obesity-related co-morbidities including T2DM.
Metabolic diseases are global health challenges with a prevalence of individuals with severe overweight and/or type 2 diabetes (T2D) reaching more than 500 million. We are approaching the abyss and thus the need for better and new treatment strategies has never been greater.
Heart failure (HF) is a common disease and there is a definite need for new treatment modalities for HF patients. Diabetes and insulin resistance is found in more than 40% of HF patients. Metformin is presently the most commonly prescribed oral anti-diabetic drug, and experimental data and registry studies show beneficial effects of metformin in HF, but human in vivo data are lacking.
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